PostgreSQL连接Python
安装
PostgreSQL可以用Python psycopg2模块集成。 sycopg2是Python编程语言的PostgreSQL数据库的适配器。 其程序代码少,速度快,稳定。不需要单独安装这个模块,因为它默认情况下被运往随着Python版本在2.5.x一起的。如果不把它安装在机器上,然后可 以使用yum命令安装它,如下所示:
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$yum install python-psycopg2
要使用psycopg2的模块,首先必须创建一个Connection对象,它表示数据库然后再可以选择创建游标对象,这将帮助执行的所有SQL语句。
Python psycopg2 模块APIs
以下是psycopg2的重要的的模块例程可以满足Python程序与PostgreSQL数据库的工作。如果寻找一个更复杂的应用程序,那么可以看看Python psycopg2的模块的官方文档。
连接到数据库
Python代码显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在,那么它就会被创建,最终将返回一个数据库对象。
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
在这里,也可以提供数据库testdb的名称,如果数据库成功打开,那么它会给下面的消息:
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Open database successfully
创建表
以下Python程序将使用以前创建的数据库中创建一个表:
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
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cur = conn.cursor()
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cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE COMPANY
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(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
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NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
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AGE INT NOT NULL,
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ADDRESS CHAR(50),
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SALARY REAL);''')
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print "Table created successfully"
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conn.commit()
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conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会创建表COMPANY 在数据库test.db中,它会显示以下消息:
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Opened database successfully
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Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
Python程序显示了我们如何创建表COMPANY 在上面的例子中创建表中的记录:
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
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cur = conn.cursor()
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cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
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VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )");
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cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
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VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )");
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cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
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VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )");
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cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
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VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )");
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conn.commit()
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print "Records created successfully";
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conn.close()
上述程序执行时,它会创建COMPANY表中的记录,并显示以下两行:
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Opened database successfully
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Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
Python程序,显示如何获取并显示COMPANY 表在上面的例子中创建的记录:
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
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cur = conn.cursor()
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cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
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rows = cur.fetchall()
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for row in rows:
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print "ID = ", row[0]
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print "NAME = ", row[1]
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print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
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print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
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print "Operation done successfully";
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conn.close()
当上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
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Opened database successfully
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ID = 1
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NAME = Paul
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ADDRESS = California
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SALARY = 20000.0
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ID = 2
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NAME = Allen
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ADDRESS = Texas
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SALARY = 15000.0
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ID = 3
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NAME = Teddy
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ADDRESS = Norway
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SALARY = 20000.0
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ID = 4
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NAME = Mark
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ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
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SALARY = 65000.0
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Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
Python代码显示如何,我们可以使用UPDATE语句来更新记录,然后从COMPANY表获取并显示更新的记录:
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
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cur = conn.cursor()
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cur.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1")
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conn.commit
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print "Total number of rows updated :", cur.rowcount
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cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
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rows = cur.fetchall()
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for row in rows:
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print "ID = ", row[0]
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print "NAME = ", row[1]
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print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
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print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
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print "Operation done successfully";
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conn.close()
当上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
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Opened database successfully
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Total number of rows updated : 1
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ID = 1
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NAME = Paul
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ADDRESS = California
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SALARY = 25000.0
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ID = 2
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NAME = Allen
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ADDRESS = Texas
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SALARY = 15000.0
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ID = 3
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NAME = Teddy
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ADDRESS = Norway
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SALARY = 20000.0
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ID = 4
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NAME = Mark
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ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
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SALARY = 65000.0
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Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
Python代码显示了如何我们可以使用DELETE语句删除记录,然后获取并显示COMPANY 表剩余的记录:
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import psycopg2
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conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
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print "Opened database successfully"
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cur = conn.cursor()
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cur.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")
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conn.commit
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print "Total number of rows deleted :", cur.rowcount
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cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
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rows = cur.fetchall()
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for row in rows:
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print "ID = ", row[0]
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print "NAME = ", row[1]
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print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
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print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
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print "Operation done successfully";
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conn.close()
当上述程序执行时,它会产生以下结果:
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Opened database successfully
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Total number of rows deleted : 1
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ID = 1
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NAME = Paul
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ADDRESS = California
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SALARY = 20000.0
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ID = 3
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NAME = Teddy
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ADDRESS = Norway
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SALARY = 20000.0
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ID = 4
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NAME = Mark
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ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
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SALARY = 65000.0
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Operation done successfully
原文链接:http://www.yiibai.com/html/postgresql/2013/080998.html