[Android]使用Include布局+Fragment滑动切换屏幕
前面的文章已经讲述了"随手拍"项目图像处理的技术部分,该篇文章主要是主界面的布局及屏幕滑动切换,并结合鸿洋大神的视频和郭神的第一行代码(强推两人Android博客),完成了下面的内容:
(1).学习使用Include布局XML
(2).通过添加适配器加载fragment
(3).实现滑动触摸切换屏幕ViewPager
(4).改变图标及背景,并响应fragment中控件及传递参数
参考资料:
郭霖大神的《Android第一行代码》
鸿洋大神的微信界面 http://www.imooc.com/learn/198
一. 运行效果
如下图所示,滑动屏幕可以切换布局"空间"、"相册"、"关注".同时会有图标颜色变蓝,背景颜色加深的效果.
同时添加了按钮事件,在fragment1中点击按钮显示内容,在fragment3中点击按钮获取第二个布局内容并显示.
二. 项目工程结构
三. Include布局XML文件
首先添加头部布局top_layout.xml,采用相对布局,右边两图标:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="50dp"
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android:paddingLeft="12dp"
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android:paddingRight="12dp"
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android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg" >
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<LinearLayout
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_centerVertical="true"
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android:layout_gravity="center"
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android:orientation="horizontal" >
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<ImageView
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android:layout_width="30dp"
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android:layout_height="30dp"
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android:src="@drawable/icon_suishoupai" />
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_marginLeft="12dp"
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android:text="随手拍"
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android:textSize="15sp"
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android:layout_gravity="center"
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android:textColor="#ffffff" />
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</LinearLayout>
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<LinearLayout
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_centerVertical="true"
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android:layout_gravity="center"
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android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
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android:orientation="horizontal" >
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<ImageView
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android:layout_width="30dp"
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android:layout_height="30dp"
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android:src="@drawable/image_top_watch" />
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<ImageView
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android:layout_width="30dp"
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android:layout_height="30dp"
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android:src="@drawable/image_top_add" />
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</LinearLayout>
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</RelativeLayout>
然后添加底部布局bottom_layout.xml,由3个LinearLayout水平布局组成,其中每个LinearLayout有ImageView和TextView组成:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="40dp"
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android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg"
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android:orientation="horizontal" >
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<LinearLayout
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android:id="@+id/bottomLayout1"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_weight="1"
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android:gravity="center"
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android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg_sel"
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android:orientation="vertical" >
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<ImageView
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android:id="@+id/image1"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:padding="1dp"
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android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_effect" />
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="15dp"
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android:text="空间"
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android:textColor="#ffffff"
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android:textSize="10dp" />
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</LinearLayout>
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<LinearLayout
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android:id="@+id/bottomLayout2"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_weight="1"
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android:gravity="center"
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android:orientation="vertical" >
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<ImageView
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android:id="@+id/image2"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:padding="1dp"
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android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_frame_no" />
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="15dp"
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android:text="相册"
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android:textColor="#ffffff"
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android:textSize="10dp" />
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</LinearLayout>
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<LinearLayout
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android:id="@+id/bottomLayout3"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_weight="1"
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android:gravity="center"
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android:orientation="vertical" >
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<ImageView
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android:id="@+id/image3"
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:padding="1dp"
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android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_person_no" />
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="15dp"
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android:text="关注"
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android:textColor="#ffffff"
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android:textSize="10dp" />
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</LinearLayout>
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</LinearLayout>
最后在activity_main.xml中调用Include布局,ViewPager用于加载不同的fragment,并实现触屏切换在该控件上:
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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
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xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
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android:id="@+id/container"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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android:orientation="vertical">
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<include layout="@layout/top_layout"/>
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<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
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android:id="@+id/viewpager1"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="0dp"
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android:background="#ccffff"
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android:layout_weight="1" />
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<include layout="@layout/bottom_layout"/>
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</LinearLayout>
在MainActivity.java中onCreate函数设置无标题requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE),在xml文件中可设置Frame预览效果无标题,显示布局如下图所示:
四. 实现触屏切换fragment
首先设置Fragment的布局XML文件,fragment_layout1.xml如下,其他类似:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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android:orientation="vertical" >
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<TextView
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android:id="@+id/textView1"
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android:layout_width="fill_parent"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:textSize="25sp"
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android:gravity="center"
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android:text="The First Fragment" />
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<Button
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android:id="@+id/button1"
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android:layout_width="fill_parent"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:text="Button1" />
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</LinearLayout>
然后添加FragmentFirst.java、FragmentSecond.java和FragmentThird,其中FragmentSecond.java如下,其他类似:
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package com.example.layouttest;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
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import android.view.LayoutInflater;
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import android.view.View;
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import android.view.ViewGroup;
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public class FragmentSecond extends Fragment {
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@Override
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public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout2, container, false);
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}
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}
PS:由于刚学习Android一个月,所以文章很基础,在新建类中可以点击"浏览"自定义添加继承超类或点击"添加"增加接口,此处继承Fragment.注意"import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;"所有的需要一致.
然后设置MainActivity.java,代码如下:
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package com.example.layouttest;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
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import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
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import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;
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import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;
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import android.view.Window;
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public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
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//注意:导入时均为support.v4.app/view 保持一致
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private ViewPager viewPager1;
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private FragmentPagerAdapter fpAdapter;
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private List<Fragment> listData;
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@Override
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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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//注意:设置无标题需要在setContentView前调用 否则会崩溃
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requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
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setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
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//初始化设置ViewPager
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setViewPager();
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}
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private void setViewPager() {
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//初始化数据
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viewPager1 = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewpager1);
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listData = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
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FragmentFirst fragmentFirst = new FragmentFirst();
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FragmentSecond fragmentSecond = new FragmentSecond();
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FragmentThird fragmentThird = new FragmentThird();
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//三个布局加入列表
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listData.add(fragmentFirst);
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listData.add(fragmentSecond);
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listData.add(fragmentThird);
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//ViewPager相当于一组件容器 实现页面切换
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fpAdapter =new FragmentPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager())
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{
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@Override
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public int getCount()
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{
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return listData.size();
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}
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@Override
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public Fragment getItem(int arg0)
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{
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return listData.get(arg0);
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}
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};
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//设置适配器
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viewPager1.setAdapter(fpAdapter);
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}
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}
此时即可实现触屏切换效果,但同时需要注意:
(1).需要把MainActivity继承从Activity改为FragmentActivity.
(2).可能会遇到错误"类型对于参数(FragmentFirst)不适用",你需要把导入修改"import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;"同时注意support.v4.app/view 保持一致.
五. 实现滑屏变换图标
此时设置底部滑动切换的图标时需要添加自定义变量:
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//底部图标
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private ImageView image1;
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private ImageView image2;
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private ImageView image3;
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private LinearLayout layout1;
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private LinearLayout layout2;
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private LinearLayout layout3;
然后,在setViewPager()函数中"viewPager1.setAdapter(fpAdapter)"后添加如下代码即可实现,其中switch中0、1、2对应listData中装入的三个布局:
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//初始化图标
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image1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image1);
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image2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image2);
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image3 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image3);
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layout1 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout1);
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layout2 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout2);
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layout3 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout3);
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//滑屏变换图标
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viewPager1.setOnPageChangeListener(new OnPageChangeListener() {
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@Override
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public void onPageSelected(int arg0)
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{
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switch(arg0)
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{
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case 0:
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//图片切换
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image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect));
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image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame_no));
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image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person_no));
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//背景加深
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layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);
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layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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break;
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case 1:
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//图片切换
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image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect_no));
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image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame));
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image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person_no));
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//背景加深
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layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);
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layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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break;
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case 2:
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//图片切换
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image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect_no));
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image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame_no));
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image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person));
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//背景加深
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layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);
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layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);
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break;
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}
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}
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@Override
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public void onPageScrolled(int arg0, float arg1, int arg2)
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{
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}
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@Override
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public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int arg0)
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{
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}
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});
六. 调用Fragment中按钮及传递参数
设置FragmentFirst.java文件,通过onActivityCreated函数实现点击按钮事件:
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public class FragmentFirst extends Fragment {
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@Override
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public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout1, container, false);
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}
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@Override
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public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
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//添加Fragment1的响应事件
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Button button1 = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.button1);
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button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
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@Override
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public void onClick(View v) {
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TextView textView1 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView1);
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textView1.setText("在fragment1中点击按钮");
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}
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});
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}
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}
FragmentThird.java实现点击Fragment3中按钮获取Fragment2中数据:
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public class FragmentThird extends Fragment {
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@Override
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public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout3, container, false);
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}
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@Override
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public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
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//添加Fragment3的响应事件
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Button button3 = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.button3);
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button3.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
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@Override
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public void onClick(View v) {
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TextView textView1 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView2);
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TextView textView3 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView3);
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textView3.setText("点击按钮获取fragment2信息:\n"+textView1.getText());
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}
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});
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}
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}
PS:是否Fragment的XML文件TextView需要设置不同的id,如果Fragment1与Fragment2设置相同的textView1程序没有响应.
本文主要讲述使用Include布局、Fragment切屏和ViewPager滑动效果.最后希望文章对大家有所帮助,尤其是对Android初学者,文章中有错误或不足之处,请包涵.
下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/eastmount/8139915
(By:Eastmount 2014年11月10日夜1点 http://blog.csdn.net/eastmount/)