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Java组件
MyBatis之动态SQL语句
有些时候,sql语句where条件中,需要一些安全判断,例如按某一条件查询时如果传入的参数是空,此时查询出的结果很可能是空的,也许我们需要参数为空时,是查出全部的信息。使用Oracle的序列、mysql的函数生成Id。这时我们可以使用动态sql。
下文均采用mysql语法和函数(例如字符串链接函数CONCAT)。
3.1 selectKey 标签
在insert语句中,在Oracle经常使用序列、在MySQL中使用函数来自动生成插入表的主键,而且需要方法能返回这个生成主键。使用myBatis的selectKey标签可以实现这个效果。 下面例子,使用mysql数据库自定义函数nextval('student'),用来生成一个key,并把他设置到传入的实体类中的studentId属性上。所以在执行完此方法后,边可以通过这个实体类获取生成的key。
<!-- 插入学生 自动主键-->
<
insert
id
=
"createStudentAutoKey"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
keyProperty
=
"studentId"
>
<
selectKey
keyProperty
=
"studentId"
resultType
=
"String"
order
=
"BEFORE"
>
select nextval('student')
</
selectKey
>
INSERT INTO STUDENT_TBL(STUDENT_ID,
STUDENT_NAME,
STUDENT_SEX,
STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
STUDENT_PHOTO,
CLASS_ID,
PLACE_ID)
VALUES (#{studentId},
#{studentName},
#{studentSex},
#{studentBirthday},
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
StudentEntity
entity
=
new
StudentEntity();
entity.setStudentName("黎明你好");
entity.setStudentSex(1);
entity.setStudentBirthday(DateUtil.parse("1985-05-28"));
entity.setClassId("20000001");
entity.setPlaceId("70000001");
this.dynamicSqlMapper.createStudentAutoKey(entity);
System.out.println("新增学生ID: " + entity.getStudentId());
</
pre
>
<
br
>
#{studentPhoto,
javaType
=
byte
[],
jdbcType
=
BLOB
,
typeHandler
=
org
.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler}, #{classId}, #{placeId})
</
insert
>
<
pre
>
</
pre
>
调用接口方法,和获取自动生成key
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
StudentEntity
entity
=
new
StudentEntity();
entity.setStudentName("黎明你好");
entity.setStudentSex(1);
entity.setStudentBirthday(DateUtil.parse("1985-05-28"));
entity.setClassId("20000001");
entity.setPlaceId("70000001");
this.dynamicSqlMapper.createStudentAutoKey(entity);
System.out.println("新增学生ID: " + entity.getStudentId());
</
pre
>
selectKey语句属性配置细节:
<
br
>
属性 描述 取值
<
br
>
keyProperty selectKey 语句生成结果需要设置的属性。
<
br
>
resultType 生成结果类型,MyBatis 允许使用基本的数据类型,包括String 、int类型。
<
br
>
order
<
br
>
1:BEFORE,会先选择主键,然后设置keyProperty,再执行insert语句;
<
br
>
2:AFTER,就先运行insert 语句再运行selectKey 语句。
<
br
>
BEFORE
<
br
>
AFTER
<
br
>
statementType MyBatis 支持STATEMENT,PREPARED和CALLABLE 的语句形式, 对应Statement ,PreparedStatement 和CallableStatement 响应
<
br
>
STATEMENT,PREPARED,CALLABLE
<
br
>
<
strong
>
3.2 if标签
</
strong
>
<
br
>
if标签可用在许多类型的sql语句中,我们以查询为例。首先看一个很普通的查询:
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 查询学生list,like姓名 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentListLikeName"
parameterType
=
"StudentEntity"
resultMap
=
"studentResultMap"
>
SELECT * from STUDENT_TBL ST
WHERE ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT('%', #{studentName}),'%')
</
select
>
</
pre
>
但是此时如果studentName或studentSex为null,此语句很可能报错或查询结果为空。此时我们使用if动态sql语句先进行判断,如果值为null或等于空字符串,我们就不进行此条件的判断,增加灵活性。
<
br
>
参数为实体类StudentEntity。将实体类中所有的属性均进行判断,如果不为空则执行判断条件。
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 2 if(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentList_if"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
WHERE
<
if
test
=
"studentName !=null "
>
ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT('%', #{studentName,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}),'%')
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex,
jdbcType
=
INTEGER
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday,
jdbcType
=
DATE
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classId != null and classId!= '' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=' ' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classEntity.classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeId != null and placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeEntity.placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentId != null and studentId != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
<
br
>
<
br
>
使用时比较灵活, new一个这样的实体类,我们需要限制那个条件,只需要附上相应的值就会where这个条件,相反不去赋值就可以不在where中判断。
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
public void select_test_2_1() {
StudentEntity
entity
=
new
StudentEntity();
entity.setStudentName("");
entity.setStudentSex(1);
entity.setStudentBirthday(DateUtil.parse("1985-05-28"));
entity.setClassId("20000001");
//entity.setPlaceId("70000001");
List
<
StudentEntity
>
list
=
this
.dynamicSqlMapper.getStudentList_if(entity);
for (StudentEntity e : list) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
}
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.3 if + where 的条件判断
</
strong
>
<
br
>
当where中的条件使用的if标签较多时,这样的组合可能会导致错误。我们以在3.1中的查询语句为例子,当java代码按如下方法调用时:
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
@Test
public void select_test_2_1() {
StudentEntity
entity
=
new
StudentEntity();
entity.setStudentName(null);
entity.setStudentSex(1);
List
<
StudentEntity
>
list
=
this
.dynamicSqlMapper.getStudentList_if(entity);
for (StudentEntity e : list) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
}
</
pre
>
如果上面例子,参数studentName为null,将不会进行STUDENT_NAME列的判断,则会直接导“WHERE AND”关键字多余的错误SQL。
<
br
>
这时我们可以使用where动态语句来解决。这个“where”标签会知道如果它包含的标签中有返回值的话,它就插入一个‘where’。此外,如果标签返回的内容是以AND 或OR 开头的,则它会剔除掉。
<
br
>
上面例子修改为:
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 3 select - where/if(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentList_whereIf"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
<
where
>
<
if
test
=
"studentName !=null "
>
ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT('%', #{studentName,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}),'%')
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex,
jdbcType
=
INTEGER
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday,
jdbcType
=
DATE
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classId != null and classId!= '' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=' ' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classEntity.classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeId != null and placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeEntity.placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentId != null and studentId != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
</
where
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.4 if + set 的更新语句
</
strong
>
<
br
>
当update语句中没有使用if标签时,如果有一个参数为null,都会导致错误。
<
br
>
当在update语句中使用if标签时,如果前面的if没有执行,则或导致逗号多余错误。使用set标签可以将动态的配置SET 关键字,和剔除追加到条件末尾的任何不相关的逗号。
<
br
>
使用if+set标签修改后,如果某项为null则不进行更新,而是保持数据库原值。如下示例:
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 4 if/set(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性更新 -->
<
update
id
=
"updateStudent_if_set"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
>
UPDATE STUDENT_TBL
<
set
>
<
if
test
=
"studentName != null and studentName != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_NAME
= #{studentName},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentPhoto != null "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_PHOTO
= #{studentPhoto,
javaType
=
byte
[],
jdbcType
=
BLOB
,
typeHandler
=
org
.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classId != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.CLASS_ID
= #{classId}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeId != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId}
</
if
>
</
set
>
WHERE
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId};
</
update
>
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.5 if + trim代替where/set标签
</
strong
>
<
br
>
trim是更灵活的去处多余关键字的标签,他可以实践where和set的效果。
<
br
>
<
strong
>
3.5.1trim代替where
</
strong
>
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 5.1 if/trim代替where(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentList_if_trim"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
<
trim
prefix
=
"WHERE"
prefixOverrides
=
"AND|OR"
>
<
if
test
=
"studentName !=null "
>
ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT('%', #{studentName,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}),'%')
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex,
jdbcType
=
INTEGER
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday,
jdbcType
=
DATE
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classId != null and classId!= '' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=' ' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classEntity.classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeId != null and placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeEntity.placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentId != null and studentId != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
if
>
</
trim
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.5.2 trim代替set
</
strong
>
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 5.2 if/trim代替set(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性更新 -->
<
update
id
=
"updateStudent_if_trim"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
>
UPDATE STUDENT_TBL
<
trim
prefix
=
"SET"
suffixOverrides
=
","
>
<
if
test
=
"studentName != null and studentName != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_NAME
= #{studentName},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"studentPhoto != null "
>
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_PHOTO
= #{studentPhoto,
javaType
=
byte
[],
jdbcType
=
BLOB
,
typeHandler
=
org
.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"classId != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.CLASS_ID
= #{classId},
</
if
>
<
if
test
=
"placeId != '' "
>
STUDENT_TBL.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId}
</
if
>
</
trim
>
WHERE
STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId}
</
update
>
</
pre
>
<
p
>
<
strong
>
3.6 choose (when, otherwise)
</
strong
>
<
br
>
</
p
>
<
p
>
有时候我们并不想应用所有的条件,而只是想从多个选项中选择一个。而使用if标签时,只要test中的表达式为true,就会执行if标签中的条件。MyBatis提供了choose 元素。if标签是与(and)的关系,而choose比傲天是或(or)的关系。 choose标签是按顺序判断其内部when标签中的test条件出否成立,如果有一个成立,则choose结束。当choose中所有when的条件都不满则时,则执行otherwise中的sql。类似于Java 的switch 语句,choose为switch,when为case,otherwise则为default。
</
p
>
例如下面例子,同样把所有可以限制的条件都写上,方面使用。choose会从上到下选择一个when标签的test为true的sql执行。安全考虑,我们使用where将choose包起来,放置关键字多于错误。
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 6 choose(判断参数) - 按顺序将实体类第一个不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentList_choose"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
parameterType
=
"liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
<
where
>
<
choose
>
<
when
test
=
"studentName !=null "
>
ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT('%', #{studentName,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}),'%')
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"studentSex != null and studentSex != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_SEX
= #{studentSex,
jdbcType
=
INTEGER
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"studentBirthday != null "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY
= #{studentBirthday,
jdbcType
=
DATE
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"classId != null and classId!= '' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=' ' "
>
AND
ST.CLASS_ID
= #{classEntity.classId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"placeId != null and placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != '' "
>
AND
ST.PLACE_ID
= #{placeEntity.placeId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
when
>
<
when
test
=
"studentId != null and studentId != '' "
>
AND
ST.STUDENT_ID
= #{studentId,
jdbcType
=
VARCHAR
}
</
when
>
<
otherwise
>
</
otherwise
>
</
choose
>
</
where
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.7 foreach
</
strong
>
<
br
>
对于动态SQL 非常必须的,主是要迭代一个集合,通常是用于IN 条件。List 实例将使用“list”做为键,数组实例以“array” 做为键。
<
br
>
foreach元素是非常强大的,它允许你指定一个集合,声明集合项和索引变量,它们可以用在元素体内。它也允许你指定开放和关闭的字符串,在迭代之间放置分隔符。这个元素是很智能的,它不会偶然地附加多余的分隔符。
<
br
>
注意:你可以传递一个List实例或者数组作为参数对象传给MyBatis。当你这么做的时候,MyBatis会自动将它包装在一个Map中,用名称在作为键。List实例将会以“list”作为键,而数组实例将会以“array”作为键。
<
br
>
这个部分是对关于XML配置文件和XML映射文件的而讨论的。下一部分将详细讨论Java API,所以你可以得到你已经创建的最有效的映射。
<
br
>
3.7.1参数为array示例的写法
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
接口的方法声明:
public List
<
StudentEntity
>
getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_array(String[] classIds);
动态SQL语句:
<!— 7.1 foreach(循环array参数) - 作为where中in的条件 --
>
<
select
id
=
"getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_array"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
WHERE ST.CLASS_ID IN
<
foreach
collection
=
"array"
item
=
"classIds"
open
=
"("
separator
=
","
close
=
")"
>
#{classIds}
</
foreach
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
测试代码,查询学生中,在20000001、20000002这两个班级的学生:
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
接口的方法声明:
public List
<
StudentEntity
>
getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_array(String[] classIds);
动态SQL语句:
<!— 7.1 foreach(循环array参数) - 作为where中in的条件 --
>
<
select
id
=
"getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_array"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
WHERE ST.CLASS_ID IN
<
foreach
collection
=
"array"
item
=
"classIds"
open
=
"("
separator
=
","
close
=
")"
>
#{classIds}
</
foreach
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
<
strong
>
3.7.2参数为list示例的写法
</
strong
>
<
br
>
接口的方法声明:
<
br
>
public List
<
StudentEntity
>
getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_list(List
<
String
>
classIdList);
<
br
>
动态SQL语句:
<
br
>
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
<!-- 7.2 foreach(循环List<String>参数) - 作为where中in的条件 -->
<
select
id
=
"getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_list"
resultMap
=
"resultMap_studentEntity"
>
SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
ST.STUDENT_NAME,
ST.STUDENT_SEX,
ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
ST.CLASS_ID,
ST.PLACE_ID
FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
WHERE ST.CLASS_ID IN
<
foreach
collection
=
"list"
item
=
"classIdList"
open
=
"("
separator
=
","
close
=
")"
>
#{classIdList}
</
foreach
>
</
select
>
</
pre
>
测试代码,查询学生中,在20000001、20000002这两个班级的学生:
<
pre
name
=
"code"
class
=
"html"
>
@Test
public void test7_2_foreach() {
ArrayList
<
String
>
classIdList
=
new
ArrayList
<
String
>
();
classIdList.add("20000001");
classIdList.add("20000002");
List
<
StudentEntity
>
list
=
this
.dynamicSqlMapper.getStudentListByClassIds_foreach_list(classIdList);
for (StudentEntity e : list) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
}
</
pre
>
<
br
>
转载 http://limingnihao.iteye.com/blog/782190
<
br
>
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